Capturing sunlight by nanofluids is an important application technology of solar energy utilization, which can be used in solar thermal power generation, solar desalination, solar water splitting, and so on. Photonic nanofluids combining different materials into one platform can achieve multi-band spectrum capture performance complementarity through multi-material composites, and achieve broad-spectrum capture of solar energy to improve energy conversion. However, the multi-component capture synergy mechanism of the photonic nanoparticles is almost absent in previous studies. This work focuses on the micro-scale energy distribution at the nanoparticle level in photonic nanofluid solar energy capture. In this work, through the multi-nanoparticle T-matrix method, the multi-interactions among photonic nanoparticles and the energy distribution in composite components of photonic nanoparticles during the solar light harvesting process are analyzed by considering different situations of nanostructure, material composition and volume fraction. Especially, the multiple interactions among plasmonic photonic nanoparticles are analyzed, and the generation law of the plasmonic enhancement effect of photonic nanofluids is obtained, and the enhancement mechanism for the wide-spectrum capture of composite media is clarified. Through this study, the energy distribution in irradiated photonic nanoparticles can be got, and their application methods for broad-spectrum capture and conversion of solar energy can be optimized.