Recently, research on energy saving in buildings attracts more and more attention. Previous studies indicate that the phase change material (PCM) integrated with building envelopes can enhance the thermal storage capacity and reduce operating energy consumption. In present paper, an experimental comparative investigation of modelling test cells combined PCM wallboards is carefully described conducted. The experiment compares the test cells with and without PCM wallboards, and with different PCM wallboards that have different PCM positions (in exterior surface and interior surface). The two experimental cells are located in the artificial climate chamber named thermal storage and ventilation (TSV) laboratory, which could be controlled by the daily temperature change condition and the dynamic temperature change condition of the heating/cooling. A set of experimental data is obtained in detail, concerning the temperature of the air, PCM layers and the wallboard surfaces, temperatures and the heat flux that through the wallboards. The results show that the PCM wallboards can significantly stabilize the indoor air and inner wallboard surface temperature fluctuations, and substantially increase the temperature delay effect. This experiment shows that PCMs installed in the exterior surface of wallboard could obtain better thermal storage effect. Moreover, this paper put forward a new kind of index to evaluation the effect of envelopes thermal storage ability. The experimental results can provide a reference validation data for the related simulation investigations of phase change envelopes, and guide the corresponding thermal design of buildings.