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ISSN Online: 2377-424X

ISBN Print: 978-1-56700-421-2

International Heat Transfer Conference 15
August, 10-15, 2014, Kyoto, Japan

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Steady Non-Fourier Heat Conduction in Free-Standing Gold Nanofilm

Get access (open in a dialog) DOI: 10.1615/IHTC15.tmg.009178
pages 8105-8115

Resumo

Fourier's law has been found to be violated for heat conduction in low-dimensional materials, but no fully developed theoretical models have been proposed so far. Recently, a thermomass theory has been developed by Guo based on Einstein's mass-energy relation. The momentum conservation equation of thermomass is referred to as the general heat conduction law, which is capable of predicting the non-Fourier phenomena under the extreme heat conduction conditions quantitatively and reduces to Fourier's law under the normal heat conduction conditions. The violation of Fourier's law is revealed to be the consequence of nonnegligible inertia term in the momentum conservation equation of thermomass. In the experiment, a freestanding gold nanofilm is heated by a large current in the temperature range from 3 K to 60 K, while the maximum heat flux exceeds 2×1010 W/m2. The measured average temperature of the gold film is remarkably higher than the prediction of Fourier's law, but agrees well with the prediction of the general heat conduction law without any adjustable parameters. Hence, the validity of the general heat conduction law has been proved experimentally. Our results provide strong evidence for the existence of non-Fourier heat conduction in steady states, and the general heat conduction law shows a great potential in accurate thermal design of nanoelectric devises with ultra-high heat flux generation.