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ISBN: 978-1-56700-537-0

ISBN Online: 978-1-56700-538-7

ISSN Online: 2377-424X

International Heat Transfer Conference 17
August, 14-18, 2023, Cape Town, South Africa

NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF THE TRANSPORT PHENOMENA AND THERMODYNAMIC STATE RELATIONS THAT GOVERN WAX DEPOSITION PHENOMENON

Get access (open in a dialog) DOI: 10.1615/IHTC17.280-10
9 pages

要約

Wax deposition phenomenon in pipelines is a critical problem faced by the oil industry. As oil production takes place offshore in deep water, the possibility of formation of wax deposits increases considerably, because hot oil extracted from the reservoirs is transported to the platforms through pipelines that are in contact with low-temperature water. During the trajectory, if the oil temperature drops below the WAT (wax appearance temperature), wax crystals precipitate, resulting in the adhesion of solids fractions of hydrocarbon to tubing and lines, reducing the area opened to flow. As a consequence, production is reduced or pumping power has to be increased, causing significant financial losses. The comprehension of the mechanisms that influences in the deposition has not yet been fully achieved. Given the relevance of this kind of system in new fields' development and the absence of a theory able to explain the deposit's evolution and characteristics, the production limitation caused by this phenomenon is one of the main issues in flow assurance. Several physical phenomena interact during wax deposition, such as mass continuity, momentum, energy and species transport, coupled with thermodynamic state changes. The present study aims to numerically evaluate the influence of each of the transport phenomena described and thermodynamic state relations on different stages of the deposit formation, i.e., during its growth, and its aging. The strategy used here was based on a mixture (liquid/solid) model applied to the conservation equations, coupled with a robust thermodynamic model capable of predicting the state relations of the oil mixture studied. Further, the diffusive heat flux was modelled considering the classical contribution due to the thermal gradient, governed by Fourier's law, combined with the inter-diffusive convection, depending on the enthalpy of each species in the liquid phase of the oil mixture, carried by the diffusive mass flow of the species. The predicted deposit thickness was compared with experimental data, with reasonable results. The analysis of the deposition phenomenon was examined through the monitoring of the spatial and temporal evolution of the velocity fields, mass fractions fields of the species in the oil mixture, temperature fields and volumetric fraction fields of solid inside the wax deposit.