Many technological applications in energy and process industries rely to a large extent on transport processes and phase change phenomena in sprays. However, difficulties remain to optimize performances and gain a better control due to a lack of basic knowledge associated with heat and mass transfer in droplet flows. The dynamic behaviour of the droplets critically influences the transport performance and system efficiency, complicating the modelling of the transfers. To deal with interfacial transfers at the droplets 'surface, experimental investigations are still necessary on the level of individual droplets. Properties closely linked to the heat and mass transfers such as the temperature and composition of the droplets are necessary to be addressed in the measurements. Recent progresses in laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) offer possibilities to reconstruct the temperature fields within moving droplets even when they undergo severe deformations. To illustrate the potential of LIF techniques, the focus is placed on two topics: the heating and evaporation of closely spaced droplets and the impact of droplets onto superheated walls. For each of these examples, the characterization of the heat and mass transfers can significantly improve our understanding of the phenomena and their physical modelling.